Clinically relevant Drug-Drug interactions (DDI) are a serious concern for any new drug development project.
One of the first steps in identifying the potential for DDI is to determine whether a new developmental drug will cause an increase in expression or activities of cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The mechanisms by which one chemical may increase or inhibit CYPs is through induction of gene transcription or in some cases direct enzymatic potentiation or inhibition. Further to these mechanisms, other DDIs can occur because of increasing or inhibiting the function of cellular drug transporters. In many cases, multiple mechanisms may be working to create potential for DDI.